GA-NIFS: an extended [OIII] halo around the sub-Eddington quasar J1342+0928 at z=7.54

Bartolomeo Trefoloni, Stefano Carniani, Elena Bertola, Giacomo Venturi, Sandra Zamora, Eleonora Parlanti, Santiago Arribas, Andrew Bunker, Stéphane Charlot, Francesco D'Eugenio, Peter Jakobsen, Roberto Maiolino, Michele Perna, Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino, Hannah Übler, Chris J. Willott, Torsten Böker, Giovanni Cresci, Isabella Lamperti, Madeline Marshall, Pablo G. Pérez-González

First listed 2025-09-08 | Last updated 2025-09-08

Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (\textit{JWST}) opened a new observational window on the primordial Universe. Here we present new JWST NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations of the $z=7.54$ quasar ULAS J1342+0928 obtained as part of the Galaxy Assembly with NIRSpec IFS (GA-NIFS) GTO programme. The new data-set obtained with both the prism ($R\sim100$) and the high-resolution grating ($R\sim2700$) allow for a complete description of the quasar emission from the rest-frame UV to optical bands. The low-resolution data reveal the presence of [\ion{O}{iii}] emission on $\sim$7 kpc scales, well above the typical galaxy size at this redshift, likely associated with a past outflow event. Additionally, the high-resolution observations show a more energetic ionised outflow on nuclear scales ($\lesssim 0.6$ kpc). The total ionised mass outflow rate ranges between 50 and 300 $\rm M_{\odot} \, yr^{-1}$ where the significant spread is mostly due to the lack of tight constraints on the electron density. This range overlaps in part with the star formation rate range (85--545 $\rm M_{\odot} \, yr^{-1}$), implying that the nuclear outflow could ultimately lead to an early star formation quenching. By employing an accretion disc modelling, for the first time on \textit{JWST} data, we manage to robustly estimate the black hole mass and the bolometric luminosity, $\rm \log(M_{BH}/(M_{\odot}))=9.2\pm 0.2$ and $\rm \log(L_{bol}/(erg \, s^{-1}))=46.8\pm 0.1$, respectively. We derive an Eddington ratio of $\rm λ_{Edd}\sim 0.4$, challenging the paradigm of widespread super-Eddington accretion in quasars at the epoch of reionisation.

Short digest

JWST/NIRSpec IFS (GA-NIFS) observations of ULAS J1342+0928 (z=7.54) combine prism (R~100) and high-resolution grating (R~2700) to map rest-UV–optical emission and kinematics. The prism cube reveals [O III] λ5007 extended over ~7 kpc—well beyond typical galaxy sizes—consistent with a relic from a past outflow, while the grating data resolve a compact (≤0.6 kpc) nuclear ionized outflow with a mass-loss rate of 50–300 Msun/yr, comparable to the host SFR of 85–545 Msun/yr. Accretion-disk modeling yields log(MBH/Msun)=9.2±0.2 and log(Lbol/erg s−1)=46.8±0.1, implying λEdd≈0.4 and pointing to sub-Eddington growth at the epoch of reionization. The most distant BLR ratios (Fe II UV/Mg II and Fe II opt/Hβ) indicate early metal enrichment; the outflow-rate range is chiefly set by uncertain ne.

Key figures to inspect

• [O III] λ5007 narrow-band map and surface-brightness profile from the prism cube to verify the ~7 kpc halo extent, morphology, and any asymmetry suggestive of a relic outflow shell.
• Velocity and dispersion maps (and W80) from the high-resolution [O III]/Hβ fits to isolate the ≤0.6 kpc nuclear outflow, its geometry, and peak velocities used in the mass-outflow calculation.
• Integrated rest-UV–optical spectrum with line decompositions (Mg II, Hβ, [O III]) showing the Fe II templates and the BLR ratio measurements that support early metal enrichment.
• Continuum SED and accretion-disk fit across the JWST coverage demonstrating how MBH and Lbol are constrained and yielding λEdd≈0.4; check residuals and parameter priors.
• Outflow energetics panel comparing ionized mass-outflow rate (50–300 Msun/yr) versus assumed electron density alongside the host SFR (85–545 Msun/yr) to gauge potential quenching impact.