Weekly issue

Week 42, 2025

Oct 13–19, 2025

Week 42, 2025 includes 5 curated papers, centered on QSO, spectroscopy, obscured AGN.

2510.11010v1

The Relation Between AGN and Host Galaxy Properties in the JWST Era: II. The merger-driven evolution of Seyferts at Cosmic Noon

Nina Bonaventura, Jianwei Lyu, George H. Rieke, Andrew J. Bunker, Chris J. Willott, Christopher N. A. Willmer

Theme match 4/5

Digest

Paper II expands the JWST/NIRCam morphology work by adding four metrics to shape asymmetry and introducing matched inactive controls for 425 Seyfert-luminosity AGN at 0.6<z<2.4 in GOODS-N/S. The analysis classifies major versus minor mergers and finds a high merger fraction among obscured, sub‑quasar hosts, with major mergers dominant and rising toward higher redshift. Disturbance patterns differ for X-ray- versus mid-IR-selected AGN, consistent with sequential phases in a major‑merger timeline (mid‑IR/X‑ray‑faint preceding X‑ray‑bright). These results argue that mergers are an important trigger of Seyfert activity at Cosmic Noon.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1 — Verify that the control samples (CANDELS near-IR, MIRI-selected, and X-ray-selected) are well matched in stellar mass and redshift to the AGN, ensuring morphology contrasts are not driven by selection effects.
  • Figure 2 — Inspect F150W cutouts illustrating major, minor, and non‑merger labels; look for tidal tails, wisps, edges, and multiple nuclei that underpin the combined indicator-based staging of the merger sequence.
  • Figure 3 — Read off the major, minor, and total merger fractions versus redshift (and N_H color-coding, including simulated CT mid‑IR AGN); note the dominance of major mergers and the rise of total merger incidence with redshift.
  • Figure 4 — From Paper I, examine how shape asymmetry increases with obscuration and redshift; the clustering at high A_S and high N_H highlights the early, chaotic stage of mergers relevant to this sample.

Tags

  • luminous quasar
  • X-ray

2510.14779v1

The dark side of early galaxies: $\texttt{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim4-6$

A. Lola Danhaive, Sandro Tacchella, Andrew J. Bunker, Emma Curtis-Lake, Anna de Graaff, Francesco D'Eugenio, Qiao Duan, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Benjamin D. Johnson, Roberto Maiolino, William McClymont, Marcia Rieke, Brant Robertson, Fengwu Sun, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Zihao Wu, Yongda Zhu

Theme match 3/5

Digest

Models Hα morpho-kinematics from JWST/NIRCam slitless spectra for 163 z≈4–6 star-forming galaxies (FRESCO+CONGRESS with JADES imaging) using the geko code to infer v_circ, dispersions, and M_dyn within r_e. With gas masses from scaling relations, the sample shows very high median fractions f_gas≈0.77 (of baryons) and f_DM≈0.73 (of total), with ≈2/3 DM‑dominated inside r_e≈0.5–1 kpc; both fractions decline with stellar mass. The stellar Tully–Fisher plane is offset to higher v_circ at fixed M⋆ with large intrinsic scatter, and f_DM anti‑correlates with baryonic surface density Σ_bar. Interpreting the spread with modified NFW profiles points to cored halos at the lowest f_DM and adiabatic contraction at the highest, implying these z≳4 systems evolve into the baryon‑dominated population by z≈2 and naturally anticipate overmassive BHs at fixed M⋆.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Inspect how far most points fall below the M_dyn=M⋆ line and whether sSFR offset tracks that displacement, to gauge the non‑stellar (gas+DM) share and identify the few 1:1 outliers.
  • Figure 2: Read the fitted Tully–Fisher zero‑point and intrinsic scatter; verify the low‑mass drop‑off and compare directly to KMOS3D, RC100, and z≈0 curves for the emerging relation at z~5.
  • Figure 3: Quantify the power‑law decline of f_gas and f_DM with M⋆ and the characteristic uncertainties; check agreement with thesan‑zoom and TNG50 medians and note where scaling‑relation errors dominate scatter estimates.
  • Figure 4: Examine the steep negative f_DM–Σ_bar trend and its offset from cosmic‑noon relations; use the mass and f_gas color‑coding to see how compactness and gas richness drive DM dominance, and compare to ATLAS3D and DiskMass anchors.

Tags

  • overmassive BH
  • simulation
  • broad-line AGN

2510.12411v1

Extremely UV-bright starbursts at the end of cosmic reionization

R. Marques-Chaves, D. Schaerer, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, J. Álvarez-Márquez, T. Hashimoto, L. Colina, A. K. Inoue, C. Blanco-Prieto, Y. Nakazato, L. Costantin, S. Arribas, T. J. L. C. Bakx, D. Ceverino, A. Crespo Gómez, Y. Fudamoto, M. Hagimoto, A. Hamada, Y. Matsuoka, K. Mawatari, M. Onoue, W. Osone, Y. W. Ren, Y. Sugahara, Y. Terui, N. Yoshida

Theme match 3/5

Digest

A sample of 27 very UV-bright (-22<MUV<-24.4) z~6 SHELLQs sources shows a stacked rest-UV spectrum with a pronounced N V 1240 P-Cygni, implying ~6 Myr, massive-star–dominated populations and an efficient ionizing output (log xi_ion=25.54). A deep look at J0217-0208 (z=6.2, MUV=-23.4) with NIRCam+NIRSpec reveals a compact (reff~260 pc), ~5 Myr starburst with M*~10^9 Msun, sSFR~100 Gyr^-1, ne~10^3 cm^-3, 12+log(O/H)=8.20 (direct), and super-solar N/O (log N/O=-0.30). Broad components in rest-optical lines and a high Balmer-reddened outflow (E(B-V)~0.6) contrasted with a nearly dust-free stellar continuum (E(B-V)~0.01), together with ALMA detection of a massive, extended, cold dust reservoir, point to dusty, feedback-driven outflows that can amplify the UV luminosity. UV-bright galaxies at these epochs thus trace short-lived, extreme phases of rapid stellar mass build-up and copious ionizing production, with J0217-0208 mirroring the brightest z>10 systems and hinting at a shared evolutionary pathway.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 2: Inspect the N V 1240 P-Cygni profile in the stacked UV spectrum and its BPASS fits to see the ~6 Myr stellar-wind origin and how it contrasts with BALQSO/type II AGN templates.
  • Figure 3: Use the NIRCam cutouts to appreciate the compact morphology of J0217-0208 and the NIRSpec Hβ+[O III] map/spectrum to locate the strongest nebular zones and line IDs.
  • Figure 4: Compare one- vs two-component fits around Hβ+[O III] and Hα+[N II]; quantify the broad-component widths/fluxes and derive the strong Balmer-reddening of the outflow relative to the narrow/stellar components.
  • Figure 1: Place the SHELLQs-LAEs in MUV–z space and contrast with REBELS/BoRG/DAWN sources to gauge how extreme the UV luminosities of this sample are at z~6.

Tags

  • obscured AGN
  • outflows
  • reionization
  • ALMA/mm
  • spectroscopy

2510.11780v1

Cross-correlation of Luminous Red Galaxies with ML-selected AGN in HSC-SSP III: HOD Parameters for Type I and Type II Quasars

Rodrigo Córdova Rosado, Andy D. Goulding, Jenny E. Greene, Nickolas Kokron, Andrina Nicola, Michael A. Strauss, Ryan C. Hickox

Theme match 3/5

Digest

Using HOD modeling of angular cross-correlations, the authors link ~1.5×10^6 HSC luminous red galaxies with ~28,500 HSC+WISE ML-selected, L6um-limited AGN at z=0.7–1.0 on scales s>0.1 Mpc. They find unobscured (Type I) quasars inhabit ≈3× more massive halos than obscured (Type II)—M_h≈10^13.4 Msun vs 10^12.9 Msun—at >5σ significance. The one-halo term for Type I is markedly shallower, implying an extremely low satellite fraction (f_sat≈0.05%), while reddened+obscured AGN have typical f_sat≈20% for ~10^13 Msun halos. These results argue against a strict orientation-only unified model, tying spectral class to DM halo environment.

Key figures to inspect

  • Figure 1: Sensitivity of the projected w(θ) to the 3-parameter HOD—use this to see how each parameter tilts the one-halo vs two-halo balance and to note the minimum fitting scale adopted.
  • Figure 2: LRG autocorrelation across the three HSC fields—inspect the jackknife errors and the systematic large-scale residuals that motivate the chosen HOD flexibility and fitting range.
  • Figure 3: MCMC posteriors for the LRG 3-parameter HOD—check parameter covariances and the tracer HOD values that anchor the AGN cross-correlation inference.
  • Figure 4: LRG×AGN cross-correlation with 3- vs 5-parameter HOD fits—compare residuals and small-scale slopes that drive the satellite fraction constraints and the Type I shallow one-halo signal.

Tags

  • obscured AGN

2510.13977v1

The THESAN-ZOOM project: The Hidden Neighbours of OI Absorbers during Reionization

Giulia Pruto, Laura Keating, Rahul Kannan, Ewald Puchwein, Aaron Smith, Josh Borrow, Enrico Garaldi, Mark Vogelsberger, Oliver Zier, William McClymont, Xuejian Shen, Sandro Tacchella

Theme match 2/5

Digest

Using the THESAN-ZOOM radiation-hydrodynamic suite at z=5–8, this paper links neutral-oxygen absorbers to their galaxy environments. The CGM becomes more ionised with time, driving a ≈0.2 drop in the OI covering fraction while the total oxygen covering fraction stays flat. Most observable systems (N_OI ≳ 10^13 cm^-2) at z ≥ 5 lie beyond R_vir and cluster around faint galaxies (M* ≤ 10^8 M_sun), with occasional nearby SFR ≥ 5 M_sun/yr sources depending on environment. This establishes OI absorbers as clean tracers of the evolving ionisation structure around faint reionization-era galaxies and sets expectations for deep spectroscopic follow-up.

Key figures to inspect

  • Covering-fraction evolution: OI vs total oxygen covering fractions across z=5–8, highlighting the ≈0.2 decline in neutral oxygen despite a flat total-oxygen trend—learn how ionisation, not metal budget, drives the change.
  • Radial/2D maps around halos: projected N_OI with R_vir overlaid, showing where N_OI ≥ 10^13 cm^-2 systems sit; verify that ≳60% of observable absorbers lie beyond R_vir at z ≥ 5.
  • Incidence vs redshift: simulated OI line density compared to blind quasar measurements, demonstrating that including beyond-halo absorbers is required to recover the rising incidence toward high z.
  • Galaxy-association statistics: distributions of nearest-neighbour stellar masses and SFRs around absorbers, showing prevalence of M* ≤ 10^8 M_sun companions and occasional nearby ≥5 M_sun/yr galaxies.
  • Environment overdensity: counts-in-cells or halo-number excess around absorbers versus random regions, illustrating that OI systems prefer overdense, faint-galaxy-rich environments.

Tags

  • luminous quasar
  • simulation
  • reionization
  • ALMA/mm